To boil it down to the (very) basic, the Windows Azure Platform is comprised of the following components/services:
| 1. Compute service |
This is where your service run.
It’s a virtualized 64bit Windows 2008 Server instance (or more) with IIS 7 enabled for ASP.NET web applications. |
| 2. Storage service |
This is where you store unstructured data.
There are three types of storage models available: tables, blobs and queues. All three supports REST-based access. |
| 3. SQL Azure |
This is where you store structured data (!). Build on the core SQL Server code base. Currently supporting up to 50 GB database. |
| 4. Windows Azure AppFabric |
A platform layer (.NET Services) acting as the middleware. Can be seen as a integration backbone of the entire platform offering connectivity and message capabilities (service bus) as well as access control services for cloud service and on-premise application. |
Keep in mind that you can use each technology individually or together to build up a solution running in the cloud – all depending on the actually business requirements of your application.